Linux Security Tips

ssh

Modify /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

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# Disable root login
PermitRootLogin no

# Change the default port
Port 12345

# Enable login with key
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes

# Disable login with password
UsePAM no
PasswordAuthentication no

After that, remember to restart sshd: sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart (for Debian/Ubuntu) or sudo service sshd restart (for CentOS).

iptables

Create the file /etc/iptables.test.rules, and enter rules:

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*filter

# Allows all loopback (lo0) traffic and drop all traffic to 127/8 that doesn't use lo0
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT ! -i lo -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j REJECT

# Accepts all established inbound connections
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

# Allows all outbound traffic
# You could modify this to only allow certain traffic
-A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT

# Allows HTTP and HTTPS connections from anywhere (the normal ports for websites)
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

# Allows SSH connections
# The --dport number is the same as in /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

# Now you should read up on iptables rules and consider whether ssh access
# for everyone is really desired. Most likely you will only allow access from certain IPs.

# Allow ping
#  note that blocking other types of icmp packets is considered a bad idea by some
#  remove -m icmp --icmp-type 8 from this line to allow all kinds of icmp:
#  <https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/22711>
-A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp-type 8 -j ACCEPT

# log iptables denied calls (access via 'dmesg' command)
-A INPUT -m limit --limit 5/min -j LOG --log-prefix "iptables denied: " --log-level 7

# Reject all other inbound - default deny unless explicitly allowed policy:
-A INPUT -j REJECT
-A FORWARD -j REJECT

COMMIT

Apply these rules:

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sudo iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.test.rules

And see the difference:

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iptables -L

Save the rules:

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iptables-save > /etc/iptables.up.rules

Create file /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables, and add these lines to it:

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#!/bin/sh
/sbin/iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules

Add executable permision for the file:

chmod +x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables

To check who is listening on TCP port 12345:

lsof -n -i4TCP:12345 | grep LISTEN

nginx

Modify the file nginx.conf:

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http {
		# Hide nginx version information
    server_tokens off;

		# Catch all requests with wrong host and return 444 status
    server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server;

        listen 443 ssl default_server;
        listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;

        return 444;
    }
}
updatedupdated2022-12-042022-12-04